Tree Directory

Common Name

African Copaiba, Balsam Tree, Copal Tree

Family

Dilleniaceae

Origin & Distribution

Native to tropical West Africa. Occurs in Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, and into parts of Central Africa. Found naturally in savanna woodland and cultivated in parks and botanical gardens.

Conservation Status

Least Concern

Tree Code

UI-BG-TS-017

GPS Coordinates (Lat, Long)

7.45728, 3.895088

QR Code

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Description

Medium to large deciduous tree, 12–25 m tall. Bole often straight and cylindrical, sometimes slightly fluted; clear of branches for up to 8–10 m. Bark pale grey to brown, thin and flaky, revealing reddish inner bark that exudes aromatic resin when cut. Leaves pinnate, alternately arranged; 6–10 pairs of opposite oblong leaflets per leaf, glossy green. Flowers small, white to cream, fragrant, in loose panicles at twig ends. Fruit is a winged, papery samara 8–12 cm long with seed at one end.

Ecological Information

Grows well in sandy to lateritic, well-drained soils. Prefers regions with distinct wet and dry seasons. Fire-resistant due to thick bark; tolerates moderate drought.

Uses & Importance

Bark resin ("African copal") used in varnish, incense, and traditional medicine. Wood is moderately durable, used for joinery, plywood, furniture, and light construction. Bark and leaves used in folk medicine for cough, bronchitis, and skin issues. Flowers attract pollinators, important for beekeeping.